მუკუზანი და მუკუზნის სვეტიცხოველი

         mukuzani da mukuznis sveticxoveli

  mukuzani kaxeTis, da ara marto kaxeTis, saqarTvelos erT-erTi ZirZveli, istoriuli sofelia. igi alaznis napirze, civ-gomboris mTis kalTazea gaSenebuli. sofels aRmosavleTidan mdinare Wermisxevi Camoudis. swored Wermisxevis piras aris erT zolze ganlagebuli soflis istoriuli Zeglebi: wminda gior-gis saxelobis mWedliaanT saydari, amaRlebis erTnaviani bazi-lika da sveticxovlis taZari. es taZrebi Tavisebur TavdacviT zRudesac warmoadgenen omianobis dros.

  sofel mukuzanTan bevr mefes hqonia urTierToba, maT Soris, vaxtang gorgasalsac. soflis ramdenime toponimic vaxtang gor-gaslis saxels ukavSirdeba. md.Wermisxevze arsebuli `saqaravne gziT~ vaxtang gorgasali `SarebiT~ anu `Sara gziT~ Wermidan `nadarbazevSi~ Camodioda. `nadarbazevi~ soflis samxreTiT, sak-maod did teritorias moicavs. soflis mosaxleoba dResac am toponimebs, `Sarebi~ da `nadarbazevi~, iyenebs, xolo aRniSnuli gziT mosaxleoba sofel Werems ukavSirdeba. dResac arsebobs samive nagzauri, xolo tyis piras kvlav aris Wermis qviT naSeni qviთkiris ganieri kedlebis naSTebi darbazisa.

   TiToeuli qarTvelisTvis nacnobi da sayvareli simRera `gafrindi Saვo mercxalo~ swored mukuzanSi Seiqmna. ornaxevari saukunis win, romelic dRemde yvela TaobaSi did interess iwvevda da misi tkbilxmovanebis gareSe sufra ar das-rulebula.

 rogorc istoria gvamcnobs, 1756 wels xunZaxis batoni, nursal-begi 20 aTasiani laSqriT kaxeTSi SemoWras apirebda. mefe erekles SaTiri xalxs amcnobda am ambavs. meomrebi modiodnen mtris dasaxvedrad. mukuzanSic Seikriba xalxi. moaxloebuli saSiSroebis win sofeli Werems afarebda Tavs. rodesac mefe erekles jari veliscixis boloSi hyavda dabanakebuli, masTan ori mukuzneli Wabuki – maxare da Sio misula da uTxovia: `mi-gviRe, mterTan Sebma gvsurso~. omi yvarlis cixesTan gaimarTa, lekebi damarcxdnen. maxare da Sio am omSi daiRupnen. Sios da momRerali hyavda. Zmis dakargviT SeZrwunebuli mercxalsac ki SehRaRadebda da fandurze mReroda gulisa da sulis Zalis-xmeviT Seqmnil simReras, romelic veranairma TaobaTa cvlam ver gatexa:

     `gafrindi Savo mercxalo, gahyev alaznis pirsao,

A    ambavi Camogvitane, omSi wasuli Zmisao,

niSnad wauRe nawnavi, kavi am Cemi Tmisao.

uTxari zed asxuria, cremli sayvarel disao,

umisod sicocxle, Cveni Calad ar Rirsao,

gaswi gadikamarevi, swavla ar ginda gzisao.~

  1797 wels erekle meorem garsevan WavWavaZes mamulebi uboZa kaxeTSi: `wyalobiTa RvTisaTa da Cven yovlisa zemosa saqarTvelosa, kაxeTisa da sxvaTa mefeman meoreman iraklim. . . . . giboZeT Sen WavWaveZes eSikaRabaSs garsevans, Svilsa aleqsandres. . . mamis Senis Cveni da Cveni ojaxis yovlis gziT erTgulad samsaxuri saqarTveloSi gamobrwyinebuli aris da TviT Senca da Cvenca Cvenis qveynis sazogadoebac yovlis Senis SeZlebiT mravalgvarad didad erTgulad da TavdadebiT gvemsaxure. . . Cvenc wyaloba giyaviT da giboZeT sofeli zegani, sofeli mukuzani, sofeli nafareuli, romelnic dRes aq msaxlobelni kacni arian im glexebiT, mTiT, bariT, saxnaviT, uxnaviT, wyliT, wisqviliT da yovlisis misis samarTliani mimZRvriT SenTvis da SvilTa SenTaTvis samkvidrod gviboZebia gqondes da gibednieroT RmerTman Cvenis ojaxisa da Cvenis erTgulad samsaxurisa Sina ar mogeSalos Cvengan da arc SemdgomTa mefeTa mepatroneTagan.~¹

1.   maRlakeliZe. Mmasalebi al. WavWavaZis biografiidan

 al. WavWavaZe xels uwyobda mukuzanSi mevenaxeoba-meRvnineobis ganviTarebas. Mmisi sikvdilis Semdeg mamuli jer misi Svilis, daviTis xelSi gadavida, xolo Semdeg 1886 w. 8 Tebervals SeiZina saufliswulo mamulebis departamentma. Nnasyidoba sanotaro wesiT damtkicda.

 mukuznis mamulSi 132 desetina miwaze aSenebuli iyo 4 Rvinis marani, 76 qvevriT da 5 sawnaxeliT. sofelSi aSenebuli yofila 34000 vedro Rvinis tevadobis sardafi, sadac ZiriTadad Rvino  mukuzani - `saferavi”iyo daculi. ²

Rvino `mukuzani” pirvelad gamofenaze 1892 wels gaigzavna. gamofena CikagoSi gaimarTa da `mukuzanma~ umaRlesi Sefaseba miiRo. Mmas Semdeg Rvino `mukuzani~ erT-erT prestiJul Rvinod iTvleba.

 as welze metia, rac qarTuli Rvinoebi saerTaSoriso gamofenaze iReben monawileobas. maT oqros, vercxlisa da 12 brinjaos medali daimsaxures. Aaqedan Rvino `mukuzanma~ saerTaSoriso gamofenaze cxra oqros, oTxi vercxlisa da erTic brinjaos medali moipova. ³

 gasul wels msoflio Rvinoebis saerTaSoriso konkursebze Telavis Rvinis marnis mier warmoebulma samarko Rvino `mukuzanma~ pirveli adgili da oqros medali daimsaxura.

   Rvino `mukuzaniს~ warmateba im miwis damsaxurebaa, romel miwazec modis.mukuznis miwaze moyvanil RvinoSi sxva aromati, sifaqize da harmoniulobaa.

2.   1946w. wigni II gv 167-168 `saufliswulo mamulebi kaxeTSi”. 1968 wlis gamocema

3.   n. mexuzla – saqarTvelos meRvineoba 1996 w. gamocemaN

  
  mukuznis mikroraionis Sesaxeb saintereso gamokvleva aqvs teqnikur mecnierebaTa doqtors, profesor g. beriZes. igi wers: `mukuznis venaxebi ZiriTadad ganlagebulia 400-650 m. simaRleze zRvis donidan miRebuli produqcia umTavresad evropuli da kaxuri tipis  sufris Rvinoebis midrekilebiT xasiaTdeba. metad sxeuliani da intensiuri Sefervis maRalxarisxovani TeTri da wiTeli Rvinoebi miiReba "dedoflis zvris", "nadarbazevis", "fafris mindvrebis", "damაrCinesa" da sxva midamoebSi. es Rvino sakmao energiiT, sasiamovno xilis gemoTi, aromatiT, harmo-niulobiT, siZlieriT da eqstraqtulobiT xasiaTdeba. <sup>1</sup> namdvilad Rvino `mukuzani~ RvTis boZebuli da kurTxeulia.

rogorc TavSi aRvniSneT, sofelSi ramodenime eklesia dgas, soflis centrSi amayad aRmarTulia sveticxoveli. dasanania, rom es sakmaod mniSvnelovani da didi madlis mqone istoriuli Zegli farTo sazogadoebisTvis naklebad cnobilia. Cveni Temis  mizani aris is, rom aRniSnuli taZari farTo sazogadoebisTvis cnobili gavxadoT. radgan mis Sesaxeb sakmaod mwiri istoriuli masala arsebobs. Cven TviTon SeviswavleT, gamo-vikvlieT რომ mukuznis sceticxoveli VI – VII saukunis Zeglia,magram misi agebis istoria ufro Soreul warsulSi iღebs saTaves. mivyveT istoriul, qronologiur Tanmimdevrobაs da mimovixiloT mukuznis sveticxovlis agebis istoria da dRevandeloba.

   Mმukuznis `sveticxovlis~ daarsebis istoria mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli saqarTveloSi qristianobis gavrcelebasTan da mcxeTaSi pirveli qristianuli taZris `sveticxovlis~ agebis istoriasTan.

  mogvianebiT, VI – VII saukuneebis mijnaze mukuzanSi `sveti-cxovlis~ taZari augiaT. Aam taZris centralur nawilze dResac aris SemorCenili kvarcxlbeki, im jvrisa, romelic aq daafu-Zvnes.

1.   beriZe – qarTuli Rvinoebi 1961 w.gamocema gv. – 15

 ramdenadac Cven gamovikvlieT im periodis da Semdgomi

xanis qarTul eklesia – monastrebSi arsad aris msgavsi kvarcxlbeki, როგორიც mcxeTis jvrisa da mukuznis sveticxovlში. aseve didi damTxvevaa is, rom mukuznis taZari sveticxovlad iwodeba.

 sxva taZari, romelsac sveticxovlis saxeli erqvas, versad moviZieT, Tumca aqve unda aRvniSnoT is faqti, rom sveti-cxovlis saxelobis taZrebi saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze aris agebuli.

 zemoT moyvanili faqtebi gvafiqrebs, rom wminda ninos da uflis kvarTis dakrZalvis adgilze amosuli kviprosis xesTan sakmao kavSiria.

 mukuznis `sveticxoveli~ mociqulTa sworis petre-pavles saxelobisaa, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, igi savaraudod, VI-VII saukunis mijnis taZaria. Tavdapიrvelad yofila samnaviani bazilika, axla mxolod centraluri navia SemorCenili. CrdiloeT da samxreT navebis  mxolod naSTebs vxvdebiT.

taZari nagebia md. Wermisxevis riyis qviT, romelic ramdenjermea gadakeTebuli. dasavleTi fasadi, rogorc Cans, mTlianad mongreulia da gvian aris aguriT amoSenebuli.

 mukuznis sveticxoels ori Sesasvleli kari aqvs: dasavleTisa da samxreTis mxridan. orive karidan taZarSi samsafexuriani kibiT SeiZleba Sesvla. samxreTisa da CrdiloeTis mxares aqvs or-ori sarkmeli, xolo aRmosavleTis da dasavleTis mxridan TiTo-TiTo. aRmosavleT mxares, gare fasadze, saxuravTan axlos gamosaxulia fexiani jvari. dasavleT kedelze aguriT gamo-kveTilia jvari, xolo sarkmlis qveS xatis dasabrZanebeli ni-Saa.

   CrdiloeTis kedlis CrdiloeT minaSenze taZridan gamovida kari, Cveni varaუdiT, es SesaZloa, samkveTlo yofiliyo. samxreT minaSenze aris patara naliseburi sakurTxeveli.taZris Sida interierSi moTavsebulia 6 sveti. sainteresoa is faqti, rom aseTi patara taZris aseT svetebze dgოma aucilebeli ar aris, magram ეს svetebi  albaT imის მაჩვენებელია, rom sveticxovelშi 6 sveti iyo, xolo meSvide sveti savaraudod is kvarcxlbekia, romelic taZris Sua nawilSi aris moTavsebuli da swored es warmoadgens Cveni Temis mTavar sakiTxs an is, rom taZari Cveni azriT ufro masStaburi unda yofiliyo.

  svetebze dayrdnobilia TaRebi, romelzec eyrdnoba aguriT daSenebuli saxuravi. savaraudod es saxuravic aRdgenilia XVI-XVII s-Si. Sida interierSic kedeli da saxuravi Tandrouli unda iyos.

iataki aguriTaa mopirkeTebuli. CrdiloeTiT, or svets Soris, taZris SuaSi darCenilia pirveli iatakis kvali, romelic dRevandeli iatakidan 40 sm-iT qveviTaa.

taZris interierSi, centralur adgilze, iatakidan 60 sm- is simaRleze, aSenebuli iyo jvris tipis nageboba. swored am jvris adgilze, sadac gadmocemis mixedviT saswaulmoqmedi kvipაrosis xisgan damzadebuli jvari daafuZnes, ramdenime wlis win aRniSnuli kvarcxlbeki Seleses da zed marmarilos jvari daafuZnes.

  gasaocrad STambeWdavia taZris interieri maRla aziduli, Tavisuflad gaSlili, lakonuri da didebuli. mukuznis sveticxovelis mTavari Sesasvleli dasavleTis karia. bazilikuri sivrcis aRqma gamiznulia swored aqedan, dasavleTis kariadan.

 mukuznis `sveticxoveli” mxatvrulobis TvalsazrisiT nakle-bad sainteresoa. TiTqmis ar gvxvdeba religiuri qandakebebi da geometriuli ornamentebi, magram miuxedavad amisa Rrmad gvjera, rom aRniSnuli taZari saTanado gamokvlevebisa da Seswavlis Semdeg (TiTqmis  Seuswavlelia) Rirseulad daikavebs Tval-saCino adgils VI-VII saukuneebis qarTul arqiteqturul Zeglebs Soris.

   sofeli mukuzani gansakuTrebiT gamococxlebulia 13 oq-tombris Rames da 14 oqtombers, sveticxovlobis dRes, roca sofeli zeimobs upirveles qarTul qristianul dResaswauls `sveticxovlobas” Tavis aranakleb mniSvnelovan sveticxovelSi.

taZarSi yovel paraskevs da SabaTs wirva-locvas aRavlens dekanozi mama grigoli (mTvareliSvili) soflis axalgazrdoba uvlis, patronobs Tavisi soflis saunjes.

   `sveticxoveli” soflis centrSi, centraluri gzis piras dgas da gamvlel-gamomvlels axsenebs mudmivad, rom unda ilocoნ.